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Social Inclusion and Exclusive Policies

About Department

Being established on 4th August 2008. the centre for the study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy(CSSIP) in Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedker Central University is one of the monumental landmarks among the 35 centres supported by the University Grants Commission.Social inequality along with its hegemonic structure has been a pervasive feature of Indian society and to overcome such exclusion process is the concern of the centre which is designed to address the issue of social exclusion and inclusion. Within a short span of about five years,the centre has witnessed a number of minor and major projects relating to area of inclusive strategies for the excluded. Efforts have been made on formulating inclusie strategies for scavengers, muslim minority girls, mushahar communities, dalits, tribal communities, scheduled caste and other backword communities in Utter Pradesh.

he newly proposed department of Social exclusion and Inclusive studies offers a course on M.A. in Development Studies. Master of Development studies degree throws light on the challenges in achieving inclusive development on a local, national and global level. Bringing together critical theories from across the social sciences, this programme engaged in interdisciplinary program.

With grounding in such wide-ranging areas of study, this program offers a comprehensive awareness of the development and its relation with industry and its real-world applications in regards to poverty reduction, project design and international organisations. Our postgraduates are ready to seek employment in transnational development organisations and aid agencies; local and national government and non-government organisations; and private sector firms. This program also provides career pathways across the development sector administration, research, education and management, as well as development planning.

Faculties of this department have interdisciplinary expertise. All faculty members have several publications both national and international repute. In addition they have major/Minor sponsor research project under their belt. This department is widely acclaim for organization of Seminar/ Conference, special lectures, and workshop etc. . Since its inception, the center has been supported by eminent scholars like Prof. N.M.P Verma, Prof. Kameshwar Chaudhary, Prof. Narender Kumar under the able guidance of Prof. Victor Babu, Dean School of Ambedkar Studies.


Course Name M.A. (Development Studies)
Intake 40

Course Structure
R. P. Sahoo
 Assistant Professor

Ideology, Democratic Institution: Theory and Practices

Qualification:M.A.(Political Science) UGC-Net, M.Phil
Teaching Experience:
Research Experience:5 Years
:9451529276 :
Dr. Sangeeta Krishna
 Assistant Professor

Modern Indian History, Social and Women's History, Gender Studies, Dalit and Subaltern Issues, Popular Culture.

Qualification:M.A.(History), Ph.D.
Teaching Experience:7 Years and 5 months
Research Experience:15 Years
:9450710973 :krishna.nld@gmail.com
Dr. Prasamita Mohanty

Ongoing Projects -
  • Status and Problems of Primary Education of Muslims Minority Girls and Policy Implication – A Study in Selected District of UP, a major project funded by University Grants Commission, New Delhi, Rs.7,47,600/- for 2013-15.
Book(s) chapter with details of title, editors name, publishers, place of publication, year etc.
  • Chapter titled “Why Deprivation matters for Girls and Women from Pre-natal to Geriatric stage?”in edited book on Relocating Women’s Equality in Indian Society, Rawat Publication, New Delhi.
Articles/paper in journals [only published and accepted articles/papers]
  • Article titled “Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy (CSSEIP) –A Strategic Plan for the Inclusive Development” , Submitted to University News, AIU House, New Delhi, July 2012
  • Article titled as “Inclusive Education Policy and Girls: Action Taken in UP”, International Journal of Human Potential Development,Vol.1,IssueNo-2,July- Dec.2012
  • Article titled A Study of Value Pattern among Professional Students of Ambedkar University, Submitted to The Ravenshaw Journal of Education, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Orissa, May 2013
  • Dialogue based Pedagogy – Reviewed the Article for the Esteemed Journal “The Ravenshaw Journal of Education”, Cuttack, Orissa, May 2013.
  • Article titled “Ambedkar Village: An alternative to Village Development Case Studies from Lucknow”,Journal of Voice of Dalit, Vol.6, No.1, June 2013
  • Article titled “Scholarship promotes Inclusion of Educationally Backward Girls : A Case Study of Ambedkar Villages”, Submitted to Asian Journal of Multidimentional Research(AJMR),USA (Submitted).
Book review Published
  • HUMILIATION - Claims and Context: Gopal Guru; Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi-110001. Rs. 595.ISBN Number 0198060300( accepted by Shodh prerak: a multi disciplinary refereed research journal)
Lecturer delivered/organized
  • As a Panel member Discussed on Municipal Budget and Basic Services for Urban Poor, at Jai Shankar Prasad Hall, Qaiser Bagh, Lucknow, on 19thMarch,2013.
Paper presented in seminar /conference/workshop etc
  • Presented paper titled Conceptualizing Professional Development of Teachers- Constructivist Approach in International Seminar on Professional Development of Teachers , S.C.Bose P.G.College, Lucknow, held on 17-18 Nov.2012.
  • National Seminar on ‘Current Discourse on Inclusion and Ambedkar’s Reflection: Debate, Issue and Challenges’ organized by CSSEIP, BBAU, Lucknow on December 7th2012.
  • National Workshop on ‘Recapturing the thought of Ambedkar on Democracy and Dialogic Subject: A Comparative Philosophy Perspective’ organized by CSSEIP, BBAU and ICPR, Lucknow held on January 29th ,2013.
  • Presented paper entitled Why do schools perform differently-- Emerging Roles of School in Practicing Innovations in Teaching, International Seminar on Emerging Innovative Strategies in Management,Commerce, Economics, Education & Other Disciplines, Institute of Management Excellence &Innovations, Lucknow, 24-25th February 2013.
  • National Workshop on ‘Crime Against Women: Legal Issues’ organized by School for Home Sciences on March 7th,2013.
  • Organising member as well as Presented paper titled “Transformation of Dalits in Ambedkar Villages—Case of Inclusion”, First Lucknow Social Science Congress on Social Sciences: Past Experiences and Future Challenges, SAS,BBAU,Lucknow,14&15 March 2013.
  • Organising member of “Ambedkar and Social Democracy ” An International seminar on “Transcending caste :Dr. B.R . Ambedkar and social democracy in contemporary India ”, organized by School for Ambedkar studies, Lucknow. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar university ( 14-15 April,2013).
Membership in various government and other bodies
  • Member, All India Association of Educational Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa.
  • Member Indian Association of Teacher Education, New Delhi.
  • Member, Association for Socio- Economic Development Studies.
Session chaired at seminar/conferences/workshop etc
  • Co- Chaired a session of First Lucknow Social Science Congress on Social Sciences: Past Experiences and Future Challenges, BBAU,Lucknow 14&15 March 2013.
Rudra Prasad Sahoo

Ongoing Projects -
  • Democratic essence, representation, Political Communities and Dialogic Subject: A comparison of western Philosophical reflection with that of Dr.Ambedkar funded by Indian Council of Philosophical Research(ICPR),New Delhi, for a period of 2 year, Amount Rs.3,00,000/-
Book(s) chapter with details of title, editors name, publishers, place of publication, year etc.
  • Chapter titled, Development Project for Tribals: A critical look from Uttar Pradesh in Nihar ranjan Mishra and Kamal K Mishra (ed) Displacement and Rehabilitation, Solution for the future, Gyan publishing house, New Delhi, 2012.
  • Chapter entitled, Social Exclusion and Other Backward Classes: An exploration into Post Independence India in the Proceeding of U.G.C sponsored National Seminar on Minorities and Other Excluded Groups of Indian Society, Vimal Press, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh.
Articles/paper in journals [only published and accepted articles/papers]
  • Article entitled, “Maya’s statue Building: Is it an attempt for Inclusion or Something Else” in Azad Academy Journal By Maulana Azad Memorial Academy,Vol.XXVII,No.10,ISSN 2248-9835, October 2012.
Book review Published
  • HUMILIATION - Claims and Context: Gopal Guru; Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi-110001. Rs. 595.ISBN Number 0198060300( accepted by Shodh prerak: a multi disciplinary refereed research journal)
Lecturer delivered/organized
  • Organized and Co-ordinate a Special Lecture on Human Development, Inclusive Growth and Economic Growth : Interlinkages in Uttar Pradesh by Prof.A.K.Singh, former Director Giri Institute of Denvelopment Studies,Lucknow on 26th Nov.2001.
Paper presented in seminar /conference/workshop etc
  • Presented paper entitled, Ideology and Discourse of Positive Discrimination in India in the National Seminar on Human, Humanity &Discrimination in India held at Lucknow on March 21,2012.
  • Presented paper entitled, Dalit Exclusion from Livelihood: A comparative studies of different social groups of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh is presented in a seminar, organized by Mangalore University on 18th- 19th October 2012.
  • Presented paper entitled “ Is human rights exist for Dalit Women: Some reflection on her life, reality and rhetoric , presented in a National seminar on Women, Dalit and Human rights in India organized by All India Rights Organization(AIRO) in association with Department of Human rights, BBAU, Lucknow on 8-9th March 2013.
  • Presented paper entitled ,Future of Social Science : An analytical assumption presented in First Lucknow Social Science Congress(LUSOC2013) on theme Social Sciences: Past experiences and Future Challenges, organized by school for Ambedkar studies ,BBAU, Lucknow on 14-15 March 2013.
  • Presented paper entitled, Food security and Social discrimination and dynamic in India; A Case study of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh”, presented in a National Seminar on Contemporary Macro Economics of Indian Economy: A Post recession Analysis” organized by department of Economics, BBAU Lucknow (29-30 March 2013)
Session chaired at seminar/conferences/workshop etc
  • Chaired a session “women in culture, media &Literature” in a National Seminar on Women, Dalit and Human rights in India organized by All India Rights Organization(AIRO) in association with Department of Human rights, BBAU, Lucknow on 8-9th March 2013.
Bibekananda Nayak

Ongoing Projects -
  • Tribal women’s livelihood security through the MGNREGA:A case study of kandhamal district, Orissa ,sponsored by UGC, New Delhi, an amount of Rs.1,30.000/-
Book review Published
  • HUMILIATION - Claims and Context: Gopal Guru; Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi-110001. Rs. 595.ISBN Number 0198060300( accepted by Shodh prerak: a multi disciplinary refereed research journal)
Lecturer delivered/organized
  • Delivered a lecture on, Need for a New Inclusive Polity to address the issue of Transformative harmony” in a workshop on “Transformative Harmony” organized by Dept. of Sociology, B.B.A.U, Lucknow.
Paper presented in seminar /conference/workshop etc
  • Presented paper on Democratic inclusion and relevance of ambedkar’s reflection on contempory india: an analysis at the National Seminar on “current discourse on Inclusion and ambedkar’s reflections: debate, Issue and challenges” center for the study of social exclusion and inclusive policy,Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar university ( 7th December , 2012).
  • Presented paper on Ecology, Health and Inclusion: a case study Kondh Tribe of Odisha in a international Seminar on “global environmental politic” organized by UGC-SAP,Department of Political Science, University of Allahabad, (December 8th -9th , 2012).
  • Presented paper on Globalization and Inclusive Tribal cultural Right in the international Seminar on “future of human rights, humanity & culture in emerging global world” organized by all India rights organization & IAOSS & S.J.N.P.G.College .Lucknow, (December 9th -10th , 2012).
  • Presented paper on Ambedkar on democracy :A critical look from social philosophical perspective at the National workshop on “ Recapturing the thought of Dr.Ambedkar on Democracy and Dialogic subject : a comparative philosophical perspective (both western & Dr. Ambedkar) ,center for the study of social exclusion and inclusive policy,Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar university ( 29th January, 2013).
  • Presented paper on Globalization and tribal cultural movement: a case study of kondh tribe of orissa in a international Seminar on “new social movement in the era of globalization ” organized by Rajiv Gandhi chair in contemporary studies, University of Allahabad, (Feb 22-23, 2013).
  • Presented paper on Tribal women exclusion and social transformation in indian society in the National Seminar on “women, dalit and human rights in indial ” organized by all india rights organization(AIRO)& Department of human rights,Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (March 8th -9th,2013).
  • Presented paper on Relevance of value education: social science perspective at first lucknow social sciences congress, on “ social sciences: past experience and future challenges”, organized by school for ambedkar studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University ( 14-15 March, 2013).
  • Presented paper on Industrial displacement and social exclusion of tribal culture: a case study of Kondh tribe of orissa in the national conference on “ methods in social science research : emerging trends and challenges ” organized by ethnographic & folk culture society, .Lucknow, (March 23th -24th , 2013).
  • Presented paper on Structural Injustice and Social Exclusion : A case study of Vedanta company of Odisha a national seminar on “ contemporary macro economics of india economy: a post recession analysis”, organized by dept of economics & association of socio- economic development studies, lucknow. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar university ( 29-30 March , 2013).
  • Presented paper on Identity and Inter-caste Marriage: An Understanding from Ambedkar social philosophy a National seminar on “ discrimination, identity and philosophy of Dr. ambedkar, dr.ambedkar studies center & department of sociology, lucknow. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar university ( 8-9 April , 2013
  • Presented paper on Ambedkar and Social Democracy An International seminar on “Transcending caste :Dr. B.R . Ambedkar and social democracy in contemporary India ”, organized by school for Ambedkar studies, Lucknow. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar university ( 14-15 April,2013).
  • Presented paper on Livelihood and MGNREGA: A Case Study of Kondh Tribe , Odisha a International seminar on “Human rights law, justice”, organized by School for legal studies, BBAU, LUCKNOW,(26th-27th April,2013 )
Dr. Sangeeta Krishna

Ongoing Projects -
  • Atrocities on Dalits in Uttar Pradesh: Factors and Remedies, Major Research Project funded by University Grants Commission (to be completed by July 2013),New Delhi . Rs6,70, 200/-
  • Folk lore and Oral Tradition in History Writing with special reference to folk songs of Marginalized Communities in India” (1857-1947)funded by Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR),New Delhi. Amount: Rs 1,65,000/-
  • Unravelling Folklore and Oral Tradition of the Marginalized Communities and Its Role in Democratic Social Order, Indian Council of Social Science Research(ICSSR),New Delhi. Rs 5,57,925/-
Articles/paper in journals [only published and accepted articles/papers]
  • Interrogating Social (Gender) Exclusion And Searching for Inclusivity: From History to Modern Times, Indian Stream Research Journal Volume 3, Issue 3, April 2013, ISSN No 2230-7850
  • Dalit Women, Violence and the Elusive State Support : A Story of Unheard Voice, Women’s Link, Volume 19, Number 1, January- March 2013,. 1SSN No. 2229-6409 &RNA/61714/95
  • Higher Education and Dalit Women: The Question of Access Inclusivity and Equity, Golden Research Thoughts, Vol 2, Issue 11, May 2013 ISSN No 2231-5063
  • Between two ‘Conflicts’ : A Story of Exclusion and Inclusion in Quest : International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (accepted) ISSN No 2278-4497.
  • Asymmetrical Rights and Responsibilities and Exclusion of Women in Economy: A Case Study of Women Vendors , Asian Economic Review(Accepted) ISSN No 0004-4555
  • Ambedkar Village: An alternative to Village Development Case Studies from Lucknow, Journal of Voice of Dalit, Vol.6, No.1, June 2013 ISSN No. 0974-3545
Book review Published
  • HUMILIATION - Claims and Context: Gopal Guru; Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi-110001. Rs. 595.ISBN Number 0198060300( accepted by Shodh prerak: a multi disciplinary refereed research journal)
Lecturer delivered/organized
  • As Panel Member delivered Lecture in Consultation Ensure Rights of Women in Context of Protection of Domestic Violence Act organized by Oxfam India on October 1, 2012 from 10am to 4 pm at Hotel Gomti,6 Tej Bahadur Sapru Marg.
  • Coordinated one Lecture-cum-Interactive Discussion on Human Rights and Dalits, by Mr. Ram Kumar, Dynamic Action Groups(DAGs)State level Coordinator of Uttar Pradesh organized by Centre for Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy, on August 23,2012.
Paper presented in seminar /conference/workshop etc
  • Presented Paper on Ambedkarian Vision of Social Democracy: Recollections from Indian Villages in National Seminar on Transcending Caste :Dr B R Ambedkar and Social Democracy in Contemporary India School for Ambedkar Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, April 14 &15, 2013.
  • Presented Paper on Marginalised as Subjects of History: Contesting History Through Folklores and Oral History in First Lucknow Social Science Congress (LUCSOC 2013) on Social Sciences : Past Experiences and Future Challenges School for Ambedkar Studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow , March 14 & 15,2013.
  • Presented Paper on Human Rights and Dignity of Dalit Women : A Grass root Experience of Uttar Pradesh in International Seminar on Woman, Dalit And Human Rights In India (Woman as a whole and Dalit Woman) AIRO in association with Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 8 & 9 March 2013.
  • Presented Paper on Dalit Women , Human Rights and Violence : A Story of Unheard Voice in International Seminar on Future of Human Rights, humanity and Culture in Emerging Globalized World to be organized by All India Rights Organisation(AIRO) in Collaboration with Indian Association of Social Scientists(IAOSS) Lucknow, December 9th and 10th, 2012.
  • Participated in National Seminar on ‘Current Discourse on Inclusion and Ambedkar’s Reflection: Debate, Issue and Challenges’ organized by CSSEIP, BBAU, Lucknow on December 7th2012 .
  • Participated in National Workshop on ‘Recapturing the thought of Ambedkar on Democracy and Dialogic Subject: A Comparative Philosophy Perspective’ organized by CSSEIP, BBAU and ICPR, Lucknow held on January 29th ,2013.
  • Participated in National Workshop on ‘Crime Against Women: Legal Issues’ organized by School for Home Sciences on March 7th,2013.
Award/honors/fellowship achieved
  • Honoured by Rotary Club Sarnath, Varanasi on Shikshak Alankaran Samaroh on Teachers Day, September 5, 2012.
  • Honorary Associateship by Bhojpuri Adhyayan Kendra , Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, for two years 2013-15.
Membership in various government and other bodies
  • Member, Executive Committee, Association of Socio-Economic Development Studies.
  • Life Member, Association for Socio-Economic Development Studies.
  • Member, Indian Association of Social Sciences
Dr. Jogendra Kumar

Book(s) chapter with details of title, editors name, publishers, place of publication, year etc
  • Paper Titled Upbhokata adhikar sanrakshan banam nijikaran(2012), in the edited book title “Cosumer protection and behavior in present era” by Dr. A.K. Mishra and Dr. Anurag Agrawal p.p.no. 361-364, Mumukhu Publication of Humanities Shahjahanpur India.
Articles/paper in journals [only published and accepted articles/papers]
  • Research paper published on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Aur Manavadhikar, A Journal of Asia for Democracy and Development Morena m.p. page no.037to 044,Volume-xii,(2) 2012
Paper presented in seminar /conference/workshop etc
  • Participated the International seminar on “Geeta Darshan mein Mool Parak Shiksha” organised by Bhagwanti Education Degree College Kanpur dated on 26 November 2012 and presented paper on “Geeta Darshan mein Shikshak (Nari shiskhika ) ki Sankalpana.”
  • Participated in International seminar on Future of Human Rights, Humanity & Culture in Emerging Globalized World” organised by Indian Association of Social Scientist (IAOSS) & S.J.N.P.G. College, Lucknow, during 09-10, December, 2012 and presented paper on “Saja Prappat kaidiyon ke manvadhikar: Shiksha ka adhikar”.
  • Participated in International seminar on “Employment Generation in Developing Countries: Challenges and aportunities” organised by Swami Shukdevanand P.G. College Shahjahanpur U.P., during 23-24 February,2013 and “presented paper on “Bharat mein Rojgar srijan aur samaveshi Niti.”
  • Associated in the National Workshop on the theme “Recapturing the thought of Dr. Ambedkar on Democracy and Dialogic subject : A Comparative Philosophical Perspective (Both Western & Dr. Ambedkar)”,Organised by Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy (CSSEIP), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow on the 29 January 2013 and presented paper entitled “Philosophy of Dr. Ambedkar dalit movement in India.”
  • Organised in the First Lucknow Social Science’ Congress (LUCSOC 2013) on “Social Sciences: Past Experiences and Future Challenges dated 14-15 March 2013 organized By School for Ambedkar Studies Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow.
  • Participated in the National Seminar on “Samajwad evam Utter Aduniktawad; Bhumandaliyakaran ke pariprekshaya mein dated 22-23 Marh 2013 organized by Department of Political Science,Shaskiya vivekanand P.G. College Maihar Satana M.P..& Presented paper on “Bharat mein Jatiya Sanrachan aur us par samajwad sk prabhav..”
  • Participated in the National Seminar on “Buddhism: Environment Issues & Globalization Jointly Organized by Kalicharan P.G. College Lucknow & IRIBS Lucknow dated 24-25 March 2013 & Presented paper on” Bharat mein Shoshito ki gulami aur budhadhwad ka prabhav.”
Membership in various government and other bodies
  • Member of editorial board, “A Journal of Asia for Democracy and Development” Morena M.P. ISSN no 0973-3883
Dr. Md. Reyaz Ahmad

Book(s) chapter with details of title, editors name, publishers, place of publication, year etc
  • Akhari Suf: Addressing the Issues of Muslim Dalits in Democratic India(2013). Ed. K. Arjun Rao, Studies in Indian History, Festschrift to Prof. Adapa Satyanarayana, Research Inadia Press, New Delhi (India)
Articles/paper in journals [only published and accepted articles/papers]
  • ‘Exclusion of Dalit Muslims in World’s Largest Democracy’, Humanities India, Journal of the Indian Conclave of Humanities and Social Sciences, ISSN 2229- 30272 (Accepted)
  • Paradoxical Position of Dalit Muslims in Post-independent India, Azad Academy
  • Journal (ISSN 2248-9835) Vol. XXVIII No.3. April 2012.
Book review Published
  • HUMILIATION - Claims and Context: Gopal Guru; Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi-110001. Rs. 595.ISBN Number 0198060300( accepted by Shodh prerak: a multi disciplinary refereed research journal
Lecturer delivered/organized
  • Delivered a Special lecture on the topic “Govt. schemes/Programmes for Welfare of Minorities” to the Women trainee on “leadership development training Programme for Minority women” sponsored by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, GOI, organized by Institute For Socialist Education, New Delhi held on 26. 02. 2013
  • Delivered a Lecture as a Resource Person on the topic “Minority Rights in the Constitution of India and Institutions for Minorities” to the Women trainee on “leadership development training Programme for Minority women” sponsored by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, GOI, organized by Institute For Socialist Education, New Delhi, dated on 02. 02. 2013 .
Paper presented in seminar /conference/workshop etc
  • Presented a Paper on Caste Stratification among MUSLIMS ; Inclusion of Dalit Muslims Under the Article-341 of the Constitution of India in the National Seminar on “ Current Discourse on Inclusion and Ambedkar’s Reflections: Debate, Issue and Challenges” Oganised by the CSSEIP, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (CENTRAL) University, Lucknow, dated on 7th December 2012
  • Presented a Paper on Muslim Minority in India: Issues of Inclusiveness, A post-Sachhar Perspective in the National Seminar on “ Socialism and Post- Modernism; In the Context of Globlisation” organised by the Deptt. Of Political Science, Vivakanand Govt. P. G. College, Distt.- Satna, Madya Pradesh, dated on 22-23 March 2013.
  • Presented a Paper on Poverty and the challenges of Inclusive Development : Learning from theBuddha’s Perspective in the National Seminar on “Buddhism: Environment Issues and Globlisation” jointly Organised by kalicharan P.G. College, Chowk, Lucknow and International Research Institute of Buddhist Studies, Lucknow dated on 25 March 2013.